Understanding Epilepsy: Recognising and Responding to Seizures

National Epilepsy Week is a timely opportunity to cast light on a condition that affects millions of lives worldwide. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and impacts approximately 50 million people globally.

In South Africa, around one per cent of the population is believed to live with epilepsy, which highlights the urgent need for greater awareness and improved access to healthcare.

Within our communities, stigmatisation and limited resources can compound the challenges faced by those with epilepsy and their families. Recognising the signs of a seizure and knowing how to respond appropriately can make a life-saving difference.

Understanding Epilepsy

Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures, which result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It is a complex condition, and while seizures are the most visible symptom, they don’t capture the full scope of the disorder. Treatments such as medication, lifestyle adjustments, and sometimes surgery can help manage the condition effectively. With proper management, many people with epilepsy lead full and active lives.

Recognising Seizures

Seizures vary widely in their appearance. Recognising the signs can help you provide timely and appropriate support. Here are some common types

Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Signs: Sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of the body followed by rhythmic jerking movements.
Duration: Typically lasts a few seconds to several minutes.

Focal (Partial) Seizures

Signs: May involve specific parts of the body with symptoms such as twitching, unusual sensations, or brief periods of confusion.
Duration: Can vary significantly depending on the individual and the area of the brain affected.

Absence Seizures

Signs: Brief lapses in awareness, often mistaken for daydreaming.
Duration: Usually last only a few seconds.

Auras

Signs: Some individuals experience warning signs before a seizure, such as unusual smells, intense emotions, or a feeling of ‘deja vu’.
Importance: These auras can serve as a critical signal that a seizure is about to occur.

Responding to a Seizure

A calm, measured response can make a significant difference. Follow these steps to help ensure the person’s safety:

Stay Calm and Reassure:
Maintain a composed presence, as your calmness can help reassure both the person experiencing the seizure and those around them.

Ensure a Safe Environment:

• Clear the area of objects that could cause injury.
• If possible, gently move the person away from hazards.
• If the person is on the ground, clear space around them to prevent any harm.

Time the Seizure:
Note when the seizure begins. If it lasts longer than five minutes, seek emergency medical assistance immediately.

Do Not Restrain or Interfere:

• Avoid holding the person down or attempting to stop their movements.
• Do not insert anything into their mouth, as this could lead to injury.

Post-Seizure Care:

• After the seizure ends, help the person settle into a comfortable position.
• Offer reassurance, as they may be disoriented or tired.
• Stay with them until they fully recover or until professional help arrives.

Addressing Common Myths

Dispelling misconceptions about epilepsy is crucial for fostering a supportive environment:

Myth: Epilepsy is contagious.
Fact: Epilepsy is a neurological condition and cannot be transmitted from one person to another.

Myth: All seizures look the same.
Fact: Seizures can range from dramatic convulsions to very subtle episodes such as brief lapses in awareness.

Myth: People with epilepsy cannot lead active lives.
Fact: With effective management and support, many individuals with epilepsy lead vibrant, active, and fulfilling lives.

Supporting the Epilepsy Community

Educate Yourself and Others: Accurate information is key. Sharing knowledge about epilepsy and the proper response to seizures helps build a more informed community.

Get Trained: Consider participating in first aid courses that include seizure response training to be better equipped in emergencies.

Offer Compassionate Support: Understanding the experiences of those with epilepsy and offering your support can make a significant impact on their quality of life.

Advocate for Awareness: Use your voice in your community to promote accurate information and reduce the stigma associated with epilepsy.

National Epilepsy Week reminds us of the importance of awareness and preparedness. By recognising the diverse manifestations of seizures and knowing how to respond effectively, we can ensure the safety and well-being of those affected by epilepsy. Educating ourselves and others is a vital step towards creating a supportive, understanding community.

This blog post is intended for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. For personalised health guidance, consult with your healthcare provider or visit your local Ringpharm pharmacy